Preformance Enablers

For capability to be realized into performance you need support systems. Agreed. So what is the big deal. It is all about performance then do you need temporary capability with support systems or do you need systems that can allow flexibility in capability development. Too much of emphasis has gone into capability development - knowledge growth and skill development, are some aspects that are almost synonymous today.

Think about a movie, the actors perform a part that befits the role. The role exists because of a story . The acting responds to contextual situation. You see the inter-connectivity.So knowledge of the context is married to the situation demanding a particular response from the actor. Props, script, action are detailed out to demonstrate the outcome. The acting skills of the actor ( core capability ) is tailored to the situation as modelled by the director. You get it . The systems and  processes and the eco-system enable the translation of an idea into reality.

Let us shift now to the corporate world. It appears , that we want a movie like outcome from all players. Except , that we want a larger and dynamic canvass ( the story does not end as in a movie), with all players moving in unison and demonstrating flexible capability based on a given situation. The real world does now work this way anymore and hence performance variations are quite drastic. The rate of change externally is at a mismatch with internal rate of change - creating great performance variations.

So what is the way forward . Focus on platform skills of learning agility. Create an eco-system where knowledge repository can exist. Much like the director in a movie , create directors who can teach and if that is not possible , have a repository of skill videos so that temporary skill can be acquired at a short notice , intended just for the purpose. Let's say , your job does not involve vendor negotiation. Yet , a situation demands that you need to lead a negotiation with a vendor for a price agreement.. You are worried about how to present a value. Pause. At this point , you may want to get yourself trained in negotiation skills. Time does not allow it. You can google search and read a few articles on successful value presentation. Or have a library of videos that shows sample presentation of values. If such screened resources are available , you have a good chance of modelling few techniques and being better equipped for your meeting.

You can see, that capability is not necessarily equal to performance , unless a performance system exists to allow that process.

Micro Learning

It appears that organisations realise the value of continuos education, but are constrained to let people dedicate time and effort for the same purpose. The reasons for such a paradox , vary from resources to loss in business productivity. These are some real testing times for L&D folks. Adding fuel to the fire are the learners - the texting folks, who value independence as opposed to compliance.

Since training , is an intervention step to make a behavorial change, getting the new age workforce to recognise the importance of doing a job effectively and efficiently is a challenge.

Since much of learning is based on observing, conversing, trial and error, coaching and searching a system that can create a very short duration learning track covering some of the steps above may work.

Ray Jiminez's has an interesting solution to this - "One idea -one action". This has a deep seated connection that learning needs to connect with learners context. Try looking at a picture in a group, and what each one sees may be at variance to what others may see. It is also known that people create own strories out of the information stored in their mind. Remember Inception and dream within a dream. Very often, we leave this process alone in any kind of learning. Conventionally, we let people to form their own opinion after tabling an idea or a proposition. If this were to be reversed - show a picture and than ask a question ( more of thought provoking kind) , the idea gets planted by finding answers to questions asked. Or better still, Reverse it by getting the learner to ask those questions based on the image. This process triggers a connection between ideas, images and actions quite instantaneously. Some have opined that learning is not a linear outcome of an image , process and behaviour. Learning can happen at anypoint.

I like this idea , as it is based on natural learning principles of observing, conversing and trial error. As the modules can be extremely short (may be couple of minutes) , and one idea one action at a time, it is possible to build a whole repository reflecting various situation.

It is known that informal learning aligns with our natural learning ability. However, leaving learning completely open and self paced may not match organisational outcomes. Therefore , creating short cycle learning helps to give an informal flavour to a formal requirement. This helps in developing bite size learning chunks, and therefore an interesting step.

Is training a performance enabler or a measure of employee welfare?

Most organisations cut training expenses, whenever cost reduction is an imperative. During the recession, training expenses, manpower and associated costs bore the brunt. Now, when economic revival is visible, are companies spending on training? It appears that many organisations are following a cautious approach and training budgets are assigned after high degree of scrutiny and diligence. Decisions are now being taken at an executive level, even for a minor expense. Consider this paradox; most training expenses are booked as a measure of employee welfare rather than skill development solution. These days, several international training companies are doing good business, while the Indian ones are struggling to keep afloat. It appears that the certificate brand as perceived by the employee, as opposed to actual operation effectiveness and business impact is a key decision consideration. Often, training vendors are requested to submit a proposal to impart 1 day training as a part of a business meeting. No ADDIE here, period.
How did we get to this state of affairs?
In the earlier times, management trainee scheme was employed as an investment for developing the employee – using on the job exposure and classroom training, with a graduation like ceremony for successful completion and final placement. This was practiced in segments like Banking, FMCG and diversified groups like Tata’s. The businesses valued knowledge and skill in their command and control based organisation. With emergence of IT and OA in the early 80’s, Customer interactive skills like selling and client handling gained ground as a trend setting strategy used to educate the market- picked up from the pharmaceuticals. In the 90’s, when Indian economy opened its door, operations training through compliance requirements like ISO, six-sigma, CMMI, led corporate training as a measure to improve business competitiveness. As India moved ahead in this millennium, and information management driven through technology acquired high importance, measurement of performance got the focus. Since most business processes got automated (by-product of ISO and business process management) with better metrics management, training as a performance enabler got detached from the business performance. The metrics captured the outcome, but failed to capture the in process measures e.g. ., if “x” no of calls led to 1 order, (this got captured) but definition of a call standard was not. Since training enables better performance through modified behaviour (skill development), the enabling measure was missing. In the earlier days, this was well aligned. Take for example a repair technicians performance measure when post training intervention could impact repair at first call performance based on an acceptable standard. We now have a situation, that what get’s measured reflects the results but no further drill down is possible, because some of the process steps are missing. For training related intervention, many CEO’s fail to see the connection between training and performance due to absence of credible analytics.
How does the future hold?
Training will continue to be viewed as a dispensable performance enabler. Given the global business trends, the IBM CEO Study of 2010 indicates that people skills have reduced its importance from 2nd most to 4th position. It appears that training and development needs to redefine in the changing scheme of things. Focus , will shift from how well you do something to how well you know something, given, that further technological advancements may trigger solutions requiring little or low skills.
My two cents?
L&D must make the first move by talking metrics and talking performance. Vendors and training departments must collaborate to ensure that a feel good employee welfare workshop is not labelled training. Every Rupee spent in training must be measured for returns like any other investment. The function must necessarily help create and or facilitate measures that can accurately convey the impact of the training intervention by aligning skills to the business process. Take for example a measurement of a business meeting. The end outcome of this meeting could track participation index, decisions arrived, post meeting actions executed on time. If all of this is developed into a work process, a training intervention will reflect results. The important thing here is to get to this stage so that measures are aligned to the work process.

When the going gets tough the tough get going - applying it to Learning and Development

When recession set's in, training department budgets get slashed and sometimes, severed. The last few years have been challenging for all , except for those who thrive on complexity and uncertainity. Most training managers and professionals have responded in predictible lines - scaling down activity and meeting expense budget. Many chose to deploy technology and evaluated options to use Communication and collaborative tools to prevent non-classroom expenses like travel, board lodging etc. The technology companies have used this cycle to push in their products to highlight importance of trackeability ,measurement and content creation.

Are these examples of real innovation in L&D which can meet the needs of learning, and performance?

Learning manager of a small sized financial company in the USA has chosen to follow a unique approach. His mandate was to make learning and development integral with minimal or no cost. Using creativity, and leadership buy-in, a program was carved out for high potential talent development. The CEO mandate, was to ensure that performing talent especially senior management, is developed and retained. A program was designed for a 18 month duration which covered all subject and domain areas that was considered neccesary to groom these performers. The curricullum was designed by inhouse subject matter experts with executive management group taking lead incharge. Faculty was inhouse developed and the executive managers conducted these sessions (90 minutes duration) on a pre-scheduled calendar. A graduation ceremony concluded the program. Participants were selected by a screening process cmparable to a university admission program involving detailed response on the interest, essay writing and senior management interaction , manager recommendation,and a buzz got evolved. Did this porgram succeeed , the answer is premature for final impact , but some benefits did accrue:-

• The executive buy in was high as they themselves developed and delivered classroom sessions
• Mutual expectations of role and performance got clarified.
• Executives indicated that their line of thinking got clearer
• Potential awareness of people capability through classroom interaction
• Porgram buzz created competition for getting in the program
• People could align learning with everyday performance

ALL OF THIS AT A MARGINAL COST

Who says innovation does not exist ?

The person is Robert Friedman - Dean Learning and Development of Motley Fools

listen to him here

http://www.humanresourcesiq.com/video.cfm?id=348

Proficiency - a real measure of performance

A rough calculation indicates that for every hour of training , the final implementation in performance is less than 10% ,after 3 weeks, if transfer of learning to performance is not taken care of. In essence this is a frightening situation, that for every training dollar invested, the potential leakage is very high. What is the problem ?

Very often, the measures highlight the end result, e.g., Number of calls made, Satisfaction scores, and at higher management, the measures tend to be more summative. Since training, is an intervention for enhanced performance, measures pertaining to observed behaviour change do not get the attention, that it deserves. If a sales person's job is measured in terms of calls made, and the training intervention calls for an enhanced behaviour of pre-call planning for every call, a measure to check and report this behaviour may become more relevant over and above the call quantity report. Likewise , the behavorial competencies of the role may need to be profiled for potential performance.

From the time a person gets trained till the time proficiency sets in , their exists a gap. This can vary from a few months to some years depending on the job complexity. A systemic approach can help save costs and improve productivity. This stage calls for mapping a learning path, best suited for proficiency development. It calls for a blending of training, post training transfer of learning, supported by informal learning which is tailored to suit skill development, supported by a measurement system, which can track and measure the observable behaviour. The concept can draw some parallel with TQM , where, measures such as quality , cost and deilvery are used for measuring a process. Going further, the entire skill development from induction to proficiency can be measured with process control measures to monitor degree of control and variation. A path which can accelerate this capability can also be implemented using the same concept. It is high time that an end to end process that not only measures the results but also tracks the observable skills at various points , is implemented. This calls for taking the first step by getting the L&D folks trained in TQM.

Puzzles in training

A webinar conducted by Thiagrajan on Puzzles in training , brought some interesting perspectives. He drives home the point that most people like to be self absorbed and self contained while working on puzzles. These may range from solving crossword , sudoku , series and other types. Why do people take pleasure in solving puzzles self directed ? Somewhere , people like to solve problems and get a sense of accomplishment and achievement. A positive stroke , if you like. Some like it as a memory jogger exercise. Puzzles are connection exercise to develop thinking skills , be it lateral or rational.

As a training format , the trainer has a great tool to expand and use depending on the learning need and performance relevance. Anything emotional sticks. Hence , facilitation becomes key here and care must be taken to assure learners of success. Review this recorded webinar

http://bit.ly/Thiagi-PuzzlingOpportunities

Now, outside the classrooms, people need encouragement to perform. It does not mean hand holding continuosly. It means, create simple puzzles that can help the learner to make the transition from guidance to self absorption. The little puzzles can help to develop experimentation and thought process. Puzzles can provide vital reinforcement based learning and create the interest towards self directed learning. For the learning manager, this is a useful tool to help learners remain focussed and can be offered as a blended option post formal classroom training. From transfer of learning perspective this offers great promise.

Make learning relevant to enhance performance

It seems to me that training is evolving . At the time it was initiated , the core objective was to bring employees and workers upto speed through a consistent set of practices, replicable for implementation by all. Look at armed forces - they have institutionalised training to performance, very effeciently and effectively. Regular , knowledge and skill enhancement is critical to create combat readiness and edge. They have perfected the art of blending competencies, subject expertise, applied skill and behavorial skills needed to create a well orchestrated fighting force , battle ready for cohesive functioning - perfect link between performance environment and learning environment. All learning moments are taken care off.

Do we see this happening in the corporate world ? Opportunity exists in making this alignment happen. First , the similarities : Both business and defence environment calls for high level strategic planning and thinking- addressing risks and uncertainity. This needs perfect execution through efficient work processes . The difference arises where skills are involved. Army has a bank of skill inventory with proficiency measurement system ranging from a novice to a instructor level, coroporate world hardly has one. Alignment to the performance environment is at best fuzzy.That is where the trouble is. Most corporates view training as a program and not neccessarily integrated with the work. Army sees it as an integral process and critical to survivality. Time has come to study the performance environment more closely and develop knowledge and skill solutions that can meet the performance needs.

The missing links of performance

In one of his talks,Elliot Blaise opined, that the way people learn will determine how performance will be impacted. Among other things, he highlighted the concept of nano-learning. As we all know, that nano-technologies will have disruptive impact on what we do and how we do, meaning as Thomas Friedman says that through these technologies we are making the world flatter. Post the fall of German wall, India unshackled from a license based regime to a globally integrated market based free economy , setting exemplary standard for the world to notice.So how did we achieve this performance. We had to learn and learn fast. How? We learn while we work by slotting some time out of that schedule. It could be for a whole day, or several days or it could be for an hour or less. The scale of time will be determined by needs and priorities of the skill and it's potential impact on success requirements. The complexity may increase given that a Gen Y learner may have high levels of impatience and distraction . Therefore , we cannot have learning and development tracks that do not respond to these current challenges. This calls for having nano-design, of instruction material , which can provide bite size learning chunks. Performance is less of an event and more of a process. Therefore, addressing the process milestones with a variety of learning tracks ranging from a formal course to a discretionary audio talk or a quick tip needs to be balanced for providing more access to a wide range of content repository and links for seeking expert coaching when needed. The organisation needs to move out of a training only focus to a learning for performance impact. This calls for a paradigm shift from how we see training today to what we can do better and diffirently. Think nano, think learner and think performance. Remember , we have moved from hierarchy to wirearchy.

Getting managers involved in learning and development

Since the time Jay Cross highlighted the relevance of informal learning on performance , discussions are rife to undertand what is informal learning, and how does it work. Most of us at work have received valuable tips, from colleagues, bosses, peers and others. A formal study of managers done by GoodPractice confirms that 76% of managers feel that they are not well supported by the Learning and Development development and further 75% of the managers also train people for performance. 82% of the managers will consult someone to solve a tricky performance problem as a learning activity and they 55% would follow trial and error as a learning activity. Two things are highlighted in this i.e., a. need for learning on the job and b.need to follow self directed learning. Performance is an outcome of proficiency or the lack of it. As we move forward, it is important to accelerate the capability mechanism in the organisation. Which means training people, coaching people, creating engagement process that allows people to narrow the gap between standards of performance and actual results.Over a period of time, self directed quest for knowledge and competence allows experiementation to raise the bar. Only when the blend covers all these elements can we have a measureable impact on performance and sustainability.Therefore, informal learning is extremely important. So where is the challenge ? To begin with it is important to see the entire chain from training to performance in a holistic manner.